Spas and hot tubs can be easy to maintain in ideal situations. One way to increase the odds is to have a quality ozone generator installed and in good working condition. A common misconception is that if an ozone generator is present in a spa balancing the chemicals or otherwise maintaining the spa water is no longer needed. That cannot be farther from the truth. This guide will discuss what ozone is, the different types of ozone generators available, installing or replacing them, and some basic guidelines for getting the most out of your ozone generator.
HDefining ozone in a spa and hot tub context
When the word “Ozone” is mentioned, most people might think of the ozone layer. The ozone layer is a barrier in the stratosphere of the earth. It protects the planet by absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. For our purposes, we speak of the substance itself, using equipment to produce it, and how it can help sanitize our bathing water. Here are a few facts about what ozone gas is.
Fig. 1: Spa and hot tub ozone generators convert oxygen molecules into ozone
Blue-colored gas is made up of 3 oxygen atoms. (Fig.1)
Used in swimming pools and spas.
Can kill or incapacitate viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Oxidizes the water, allowing it to destroy contaminates and organic materials. • Ozone does not leave residual levels in the water like chlorine or bromine.
Ozone cannot be contained or transported. Must be produced and immediately introduced to the water.
The two major types of Ozone Generators are Corona Discharge and Ultraviolet. (Fig.2)
Ozone gas must be introduced into the circulation system in small amounts to be effective. (Fig.3)
Fig. 2a: Corona discharge ozonator for spas and hot tubs
Fig. 2b: Ultra violet ozonator for spas and hot tubs
Fig. 3: Ozone enters the spa or hot tub water as a gas in tiny bubbles
The benefits of ozone to your spa and hot tub water and enjoyment
Ozone can kill bacteria and other contaminants.
Less chlorine or bromine is needed in your spa.
It can attach to contaminants such as lotions, soap, sunscreen, and shampoo.
Ozone attacks bodily fluids such as urine and saliva.
Ozone breaks down chemical byproducts such as chloramines and bromamines.
It combines with dissolved solids, making them easier for your filter to catch.
Ozone will NOT replace any of the chemicals needed to balance the water in your spa. Always follow normal chemical maintenance routines. Ozone is meant as an extra layer of protection and can allow you to maintain slightly lower sanitizer levels but not replace them.
Types of ozone gas used in a spa or hot tub
The two types of ozone generators available in the Pool and Spa Industry are Ultraviolet and Corona Discharge. These two types create the same final product (Ozone Gas); however, they achieve it differently.
Fig. 1: Ultraviolet ozone generator
Creates ozone by using Ultraviolet energy to turn oxygen molecules into ozone.
Contains I85 nanometer Ultraviolet bulb.
As the air passes over the lamp, the energy splits the oxygen molecules (O2) and then reassembles them as ozone molecules (O3). (Fig.1)
The air in the chamber containing ambient air and the ozone molecules is then drawn into the system via either suction from a pump or venturi action from the pressure side plumbing.
Works better in very humid climates than corona discharge.
Bulbs need to be replaced every 2-3 years.
Fig. 2: Corona discharge ozone generator
Creates ozone by drying the air inside the unit, then applying an electrical charge to a metallic grid sandwiched between 2 dielectrics to turn oxygen molecules into ozone. (Fig.2)
The air in the chamber containing ambient air and the ozone molecules is then drawn into the system via either suction from a pump or venturi action from the pressure side plumbing.
Corona Discharge is the preferred method as it offers greater sustainability of the unit, higher ozone output, and better cost-effectiveness. • Less efficient than Ultraviolet in excessively humid climates.
Choosing a new ozone generator for your spa or hot tub
When it comes time to replace your old or damaged ozone generator, or if your spa was not manufactured with one, you should consider a few guidelines.
If you don’t currently have an ozone generator installed on your spa, check the owner’s manual to ensure your hot tub is “Ozone Ready.”
Match your voltage. Many newer ozone generator models are available in dual voltage and can accept and use either 120v or 230v incoming electrical. Be careful when choosing a single voltage model, as damage can occur if it is incorrect. Always check your owner’s manual or existing model; there will be information on a label somewhere on the unit.
Match the generator’s capability to your spa’s specifications. All available ozone generators will be sized to a particular gallonage. For example, some generators can create enough ozone to accommodate a 500-gallon hot tub; others can handle 1,000 gallons, etc.
Choose the correct plug to fit the receptacle on your Control System.
Choose a trusted brand. Do your research or ask a professional for advice. As manufacturers come and go, the industry can become flooded with inferior products. Quality manufacturers extensively test their products for safety and quality and continue to improve their products over time. Purchasing a low-quality unit will cost you more money in the long run.
Be sure you know how and where the new ozone generator will be installed. Make sure no alterations to electrical or plumbing will be needed and plan for it if they are.
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